| Accession | GenProp0658 |
| Name | cellulose biosynthesis |
| Type | SYSTEM |
| Description | Cellulose, a homopolymer of glucose featuring uniform beta-1,4 linkages, is synthesized in bacteria by cellulose synthase [1,2]. Bacterial cellulose may have further modifications such as acetylation. The synthase consists of two subunits (or domains in the frequent cases where it is encoded as a single polypeptide), a catalytic domain and regulatory domain which binds the allosteric activator cyclic-di-GMP. The protein is membrane-embedded and probably assembles into multimers such that the individual cellulose strands can self-assemble into multi-strand fibrils. The purpose of the endoglucanase which is always present in the same operon with the synthase is not known. Control of the levels of c-diGMP is via pppGpG cyclases and c-diGMP and pGpG phosphodiesterases. All genomes expressing this system have numerous cyclase and phosphodiesterase domain proteins and multiple regulatory circuits are possible. In E. coli strains, at least three regulatory systems are indicated [3], whose genes typically are not clustered with the biosynthetic genes. |
| JCVI Role | Biosynthesis and degradation of surface polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides |
| Parent Property | GenProp0186: storage and structural polymer biosynthesis
GenProp1048: quorum-sensing, biofilm formation, and developmental systems
|
| Literature References | [ 1 ]Ross P, Mayer R, Benziman M Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria. Microbiol Rev. 1991 Mar;55(1):35-58. PMID 2030672
[ 2 ]Saxena IM, Kudlicka K, Okuda K, Brown RM Jr Characterization of genes in the cellulose-synthesizing operon (acs operon) of Acetobacter xylinum: implications for cellulose crystallization. J Bacteriol. 1994 Sep;176(18):5735-52. PMID 8083166
[ 3 ]Da Re S, Ghigo JM A CsgD-independent pathway for cellulose production and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 2006 Apr;188(8):3073-87. PMID 16585767
[ 4 ] Solano C, Garcia B, Valle J, Berasain C, Ghigo JM, Gamazo C, Lasa I Genetic analysis of Salmonella enteritidis biofilm formation: critical role of cellulose. Mol Microbiol. 2002 Feb;43(3):793-808. PMID 11929533
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| Gene Ontology Term | GO:0030244: cellulose biosynthetic process (biological_process)
|
| Step Name | Step Num | Required | Evidence (Method) | Evidence Go Terms |
|---|
| cellulose synthase, catalytic subunit CelA | CelA | YES | TIGR03030 (HMM): cellulose synthase catalytic subunit (UDP-forming) | GO:0030244: cellulose biosynthetic process
|
| cellulose synthase, regulatory subunit CelB | CelB | YES | PF03170 (HMM): bacterial cellulose synthase subunit | GO:0030244: cellulose biosynthetic process
|
| cellulose biosynthesis protein BcsE/YhjS | CelBcsE | NO | TIGR03369 (HMM): cellulose biosynthesis protein BcsE | GO:0030244: cellulose biosynthetic process
|
| cellulose biosynthesis operon protein BcsF/YhjT | CelBcsF | NO | TIGR03493 (HMM): celllulose biosynthesis operon protein BcsF/YhjT | GO:0030244: cellulose biosynthetic process
|
| cellulose biosynthesis protein BcsG/YhjU | CelBcsG | NO | TIGR03368 (HMM): cellulose synthase operon protein YhjU | GO:0030244: cellulose biosynthetic process
|
| Cellulose synthase operon protein C | CelC | YES | PF05420 (HMM): cellulose synthase operon protein C C-terminal | GO:0030244: cellulose biosynthetic process
|
| cellulose synthase operon protein YhjQ | CelYhjQ | NO | TIGR03371 (HMM): cellulose synthase operon protein YhjQ | GO:0030244: cellulose biosynthetic process
|
| clustered endoglucanase (cellulase?) | endoglu | NO | PF01270 (HMM-CLUST): glycoside hydrolase, family 8 | GO:0030244: cellulose biosynthetic process
|
| Accession | Name |
|---|
| GenProp0055 | polyhydroxyalkanoic acids |
| GenProp0156 | cyanophycin-like storage polymers |
| GenProp0158 | peptidoglycan(murein) biosynthesis |
| GenProp0168 | glycogen system |
| GenProp0183 | dTDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis from dTDP-4-dehydro-L-rhamnose |
| GenProp0297 | lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis |
| GenProp0652 | exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, exosortase A-associated |
| GenProp0655 | exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, exosortase B-associated |
| GenProp0793 | CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine |
| GenProp0822 | poly(gamma-glutamic acid) biosynthesis |
| GenProp0906 | poly-beta-1,6 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine system, IcaADBC type |
| GenProp0907 | poly-beta-1,6 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine system, PgaABCD type |
| GenProp0757 | quorum-sensing, autoinducer-2 system |
| GenProp0849 | quorum-sensing, Bacillus PlcR-PapR system |
| GenProp1011 | quorum-sensing system, cyclic peptide-mediated |
